Internal Ocean Waves An-Nur

The verse describes waves layered upon waves in deep water. In the 20th century, oceanographers discovered internal waves: massive underwater waves travelling along density boundaries (thermoclines). These subsurface waves have amplitudes exceeding 100 metres, far larger than surface waves, and are completely invisible from above. They were first detected using sonar. The Quran's description of waves beneath waves in deep, dark water precisely matches this phenomenon, unknown before modern oceanographic instruments. Internal waves at the Strait of Gibraltar, where Atlantic meets Mediterranean at different densities, are among the most documented, now visible in satellite radar imaging.